It is really important to know that muscular growth is a result of effort. Therefore motivation is the foundation on which this project is built. The level of success is highly depending on the quality of motivation. Significant cell growth is not happening in four weeks. Furthermore if the goal is to get a “lean” appearance genetic conditions (e.g. hormone profile, fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibres) play an important role, too. In addition to that nutrition must support the growth of lean mass. The best results, also in short term, are given when considering individual circumstances in the training plan.

Motivation

If an adequate adherence is not given, there will not happen any morphological adaptation. In other words; if training is not centre of one’s life it must be modified to the rest of one’s life. A program with 30 sets per muscle group and week could not be realised if your everyday life only allows 4 training sessions with 45 minutes duration. Change only happens if your everyday life is modified to allow every training.

Physiology

As mentioned above training must consider individual conditions: Muscle fiber relations, mobility, injuries and training level (experience). In general the genetics have the biggest influence on the visual potential. Factors like number of muscle fibres, muscle fibre type, origin and insertion points of muscles, hormonal balance, bone structure, number of satellite cells are mostly given from the ancestors. These are only influenceable by a very limited scope or not at all and have a big impact on the training adaptation. Nevertheless there is no non-responder, if the basics are taken into account, progress will be achieved.

Hypertrophy basics: Intensiveness, frequency and regularity
Every program is built by different training variables. The most important for hypertrophy are training frequency and intensiveness. For an adaption, means improvement, a certain threshold must be excelled but also take effect long enough. This threshold is called intensity and determines the form of adaptation.

Intensity is stated in percent of maximum strength (%Fmax). 100% equals a resistance (weight), which allows one “clean” repetition. This is the so called “1 repetition maximum” (1RM). Although in reality a training to the absolute muscular failure is not necessary, a set should not end to far before this failure limit (max. 1-3 repetitions). According to a study of Barbosa-Netto et al. (2017) up to 70% of trainees end the training set 3-10 sets before muscular failure. 50% of traning beginner think they reached muscular failure. Intensiveness is the number of repetitions with an intensity. The higher the intensiveness, the closer the trainee gets to muscular failure.

Considering above mentioned physiological conditions and due to biochemical processes the repetitions of a set are the trigger for building muscles. How this happens won’t be important here, that it happens is crucial. On average repetitions between 1-30 will lead to muscle growth. As described above, every body will react according to its muscle fibre conditions to different repetion ranges. A responder adapts easily in a specific repetition range. A non responder needs a higher or lower number of repetitions. In practice it makes sense to omit extreme repetition ranges (intensities) to ensure best results. But include cycles of low repetitions and high repetitions in your training plan as well.

In addition to that, the cadence while doing the exercise is crucial. The cadence describes the temporal sequence in seconds of sections in a repetition. This could be a cadence for the short term goal (and for beginner): 3-2-2-1: 3 seconds down (negative phase: eccentrical), 2 seconds pause at lowest point (eccentrical turning point), 2 seconds up (concentrical), 1 second pause at highest point (concentrical turning point).

Nutrition

To gain lean mass training is only one factor, the other is nutrition. If the goal is a low body fat percentage, the right amount of energy sources must be well chosen. The constructive metabolism is responsible for the construction of substances in a human body and is also called anabolism. As metabolism is also highly individual there is no generalized concept. Meals should always include the macronutrients protein, carbohydrate and fat.

To reach optimal anabolism it is recommendable to eat carbohydrates and proteins up to one hour after a training session. Depending on training level and individual constitution it makes sense to take approximately 6g essential amino acids and 1g carbohydrate per kg body weight before and after the training – but low-fat (because of rapid digestion).

The following training plan provides a high frequency, means a short distance between same training sessions or exercises. It allows good results regarding a short term of 4-6 weeks, as the goal is to reach a more muscular look for this summer.